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Following an invitation from the United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) deployed a Limited Election Observation Mission (LEOM) for the 6 November general elections in the US. The elections were assessed for their compliance with OSCE commitments and other international standards for democratic elections, as well as with national legislation. Concerning media and the election, the study found:

Overall, media is pluralistic and diverse and provided voters with a wide range of information and views on candidates, issues, and electoral platforms. The obligations imposed on media for election coverage are very limited, with a preference given to self-regulation. While public and national broadcasters reported in a balanced manner, leading cable television networks were highly partisan.

The US media has a robust system of guarantees protecting freedom of speech and freedom of the press. There is a plural, diverse and independent media system allowing voters to access a wide range of information and views on candidates, issues, and electoral platforms.

The obligations imposed on the media for election coverage are very limited, in line with the protection afforded by the First Amendment. Federal regulation of editorial matters is minimal, with a preference given to self-regulation. The print media are not bound by any statutory requirements. National TV networks are required to operate in the public interest, but there are no statutory requirements for equal and balanced news coverage. Paid airtime is subject to an equal opportunity rule whereby candidates must be afforded airtime commensurate with that provided to other legally qualified candidates on a channel by channel basis. Political advertising was a major avenue for campaigning with large sums of money spent on TV advertising, mostly negative in tone.

TV is the main source of political information, as provided though public, national, and cable broadcasters. The presidential contest was the main focus of national media. OSCE/ODIHR LEOM media monitoring results show that public electronic media fulfilled their remit as public service broadcasters by covering the elections and candidates in a comprehensive manner, with substantive news and analysis of the candidates’ platforms and the issues. PBS evenly allocated airtime in news and current affairs programs between Barack Obama (53 per cent) and Mitt Romney (47 per cent) that was balanced in tone. Likewise, NPR coverage was equitable, with 45 per cent devoted to Obama and 55 per cent to Romney, and was balanced in tone. The main national networks also provided equitable coverage of Obama (50 per cent) and Romney (50 per cent) that was also balanced in tone.

In contrast, leading cable TV channels were highly partisan in their election coverage, with both Obama and Romney receiving more negative than positive coverage. Fox News dedicated 66 per cent of its coverage to Obama and 34 per cent to Romney. Coverage of Obama on Fox News was mostly negative in tone (72 per cent). MSNBC dedicated 34 per cent of its coverage to Obama and 66 per cent to Romney. Coverage of Romney on MSNBC was mostly negative in tone (87 percent).

All broadcast media dedicated the greater part of their electoral coverage to non-substantive issues such as daily opinion polls and the holding of campaign events (64 per cent), often at the expense of substantive discussion of policy (36 per cent). Press and online media provided extensive and comprehensive coverage of the elections, often with a greater focus on policy issues.


Preliminary Findings of a Limited Election Observation Mission
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Both parties manipulated statistics during this election to set their preferred narrative, and sewed confusion in the minds of millions of voters.

There are two classic sins of data manipulation that were at work in this campaign: The first is that the Obama and Romney campaigns used different metrics, scales, and data points to discuss their respective track records and plans for the future, making it nearly impossible to compare apples to apples. The second is that both camps used metrics that lack context and relevance. The bottom line: Poor data and misleading metrics are bad for everyone except for the politicians who rely on them to set their narratives and confuse voters about what is “true.” And while this election is now over, the voting public must begin to demand more from our elected leaders if we want a more honest discussion and fairer use of facts in the future.

Here’s what we can do to stop being manipulated by bad data:

  1. We’ve got to ask the “so what?” question more often. When presented with facts and figures, asking “so what?” forces our leaders to use data that reflect important changes.
  2. How can we judge progress when each candidate uses different indicators of success? We must ask our leaders to agree upon a common set of measures and data points that reflect the public’s common interest.
  3. Candidates need to put metrics in context and tell the whole story. At the same time, we voters must seek more information. It’s not enough to know the size of the deficit under Obama or to look at the number of jobs Romney outsourced in the private sector. These data points require a deeper look at the data, and we won’t get it until we ask for it.

2012: The Anti-Data Election
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The on-air spectacle of Fox News analyst Karl Rove publicly questioning his network's call of the election for Barack Obama happened because Rove and Fox's decision desk both had pieces to a puzzle that the other wasn't aware of, a network executive said.

Fox declared Ohio for Obama because its decision desk knew that the uncounted vote at that time in the evening was in areas with overwhelming Obama support. Rove didn't know that, Clemente said. Through his own reporting, Rove saw the actual vote count narrowing to a margin below 1,000 – information the decision desk didn't know at the time. Far from an embarrassment, the incident proved Rove's value to the network as more than an analyst, said Michael Clemente, Fox News Channel executive vice president of news editorial. Rove, former top advisor to President George W. Bush and a prominent fundraiser for Republican Mitt Romney, suggested Fox had prematurely declared Obama the winner in Ohio and thus for the election as a whole. Rove "finally had to concede to the arithmetic, but not before creating a defining image of a partisan, and a network, at war with the very reality it could not avoid reporting," wrote Time magazine critic James Poniewozik.


Fox News: Karl Rove Argument Proves His 'Value' To Network
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A controversial election eve special that aired twice on the local ABC affiliate in Columbus triggered a wave of criticism on social media, prompting one local anchor to launch her own Twitter defense. And because the company behind the broadcast is about to expand its media holdings in the Buckeye State, this story may not be over yet.

First reported by Talking Points Memo, the left-leaning political news site, the special aired by WSYX focused on the economy, health care reform, and the September 11 attack on the Libyan embassy. Given the scant political coverage some local stations offer even as they rake in wads of campaign ad dollars, that sounds like a good thing. But as TPM’s Eric Lach wrote: “Rather than a side by side comparison of the two major party candidates, however, the special featured some of the most partisan criticisms of President Barack Obama, and spent relatively little time examining Republican nominee Mitt Romney.” As a result, “at times, it sounded more like Fox News than local news.” The half-hour special was produced by the Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of WSYX and itself no stranger to controversy. In 2004, the company’s Washington bureau chief was fired after publicly criticizing the company’s decision to air parts of a documentary attacking John Kerry’s anti-war activities weeks before the election. That same year, Sinclair was surrounded by controversy when it barred seven of its ABC-affiliated stations from airing a Nightline episode that displayed the names and photos of 700 American soldiers killed in the Iraq war.


An Ohio election special causes controversy
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As so many media outlets promised, this was indeed the most fact-checked election in history. But as the campaign draws to a close, it’s clear that it was the truth that ended up as a smoldering wreck.

Without getting into a long tick-tock of untruthfulness, a pattern emerged over the summer and fall: both candidates’ campaigns laid out a number of whoppers, got clobbered for doing so, and then kept right on saying them. Conventional wisdom suggests that the Romney campaign stepped across the line with more frequency, and we’d love to draw a conclusion from that, but it would involve fact-checking. Because consumers can create their own mediated universe, they can program their intake in a way that confirms their biases, exposes their opponents as liars and makes them feel like they are armed with the truth when they step behind the curtain on Election Day.


A Last Fact Check: It Didn’t Work
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You didn't know it at the time, but when you logged into Facebook on Election Day, you became a subject in a mass social experiment.

You went about your day, clicked around Facebook, and you may have voted. Now your behavior is data that social scientists will scrutinize in the months ahead, asking one of the core questions of democracy: What makes people vote? If patterns from earlier research hold true, the experiment's designer James Fowler says that it is "absolutely plausible that Facebook drove a lot of the increase" in young-voter participation (thought to be up one percentage point from 2008 as a share of the electorate). It is, he continued, "even possible that Facebook is completely responsible."


Did Facebook Give Democrats the Upper Hand?
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Among the biggest winners in the election were broadcasters in swing states like Colorado, where political ad spending was heaviest. The 2012 presidential race was good to local TV stations' bottom lines, but it wasn't a record-breaker.

"The Denver market received approximately $77 million in political advertising in 2008, which was the high-water mark and a year that included a Senate and a Presidential election," according to a knowledgeable local TV source who requested anonymity. "In 2012, we are estimating the political dollars spent in Denver to be around $67-$68 million and in the state to be around $86 million." If you disregard the ads for ballot initiatives and isolate the ads for the two presidential candidates, the industry source said, the total is closer to $48 million to $50 million for the Denver market. Colorado ranked fifth in the nation for snaring ad dollars, according to a Washington Post report citing Kantar Media, with $71 million spent on TV time for political messages — most of them negative —split evenly by the Democratic and Republican sponsors. Only Florida ($170 million), Virginia ($149 million), Ohio ($148 million), and North Carolina ($97 million) drew more money for local TV ad time. Denver in particular saw a bounty in the presidential race. Some $58 million was spent in Denver on 54,044 ads, according to the Washington Post's Kantar research. In Colorado Springs, some $9 million was spent on 29,898 ads.


Political advertising a boon to Colorado TV stations
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[Commentary] Silicon Valley contributed more to President Barack Obama’s re-election campaign than Wall Street and Hollywood, according to a Nov. 3 San Francisco Chronicle report. The Valley contributed $14.7 million compared to $14.5 million from New York City and $6.3 million from the Beverly Hills crowd. During his many trips to Silicon Valley, the President made a number of promises. Now that he has won, the Valley expects him to keep his end of the bargain.

Here’s the wish list:

  • Immigration reform: First and foremost, the technology world finds itself starved for talent. The Valley needs more H-1B visas to help grow its tech companies. And there is the need for a Startup Visa to allow foreign entrepreneurs to start new companies in the United States.
  • Education: The Valley recognizes the importance of K-12 education, but it also wants to reform and improve the education system, reign in the escalating cost of higher education, and experiment with new models.
  • Freedom and competition: The Valley wants an open Internet, and it wants competition in broadband so Americans can get better and cheaper connectivity.
  • Invest in sustainable renewable energy solutions.
  • Abolish software patents: The larger technology companies have invested fortunes in their patent portfolios. But senior executives have said to me privately that they would rather disarm than waste the time and money they presently do on patent wars.
  • Fund basic research and improve research commercialization.
  • Rewards for investments in innovative startups.

All told, the Valley’s academics and entrepreneurs want what the rest of the nation wants: thoughtful economic policy. Stanford Law’s Grundfest asks for “a sensible balance between revenue enhancement and entitlement reduction that puts the nation on responsible glide path to a manageable level of federal and state debt.” Heidi Roizen, a venture capitalist, says “it really is all about the economy. Our entrepreneurial engine can only fuel recovery if it is built on a firm base of rational fiscal policy.”


Silicon Valley’s second-term wish list
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What do the results of the 2012 elections actually mean for adland?

The tax deduction for advertising costs could be revisited. While President Barack Obama didn't bring it up during his first term, it's just the sort of tax loophole that was mentioned by both candidates during the debates. Online privacy is another area of concern. William Rice, president of the Web Marketing Association, is certain that a second Obama term would result in stricter controls on gathering personal information on the internet. "If President Obama is re-elected, regulations on what advertisers can collect from websites will be severely restricted," he said. During his first term, Obama's administration made a number of moves toward restricting marketing aimed at children, especially in regard to food marketing. Margo Wootan, director of nutrition policy at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, said she hopes a soon-to-be-released FTC study on the impact of self-regulation by the food and soft-drink industry will revive the debate. "If Obama is re-elected, there could be a second push," she said.


What Does Obama Re-Election Mean for Ad Industry?
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President Obama’s two campaign themes -- change in 2008 and forward in 2012 -- could just as easily describe the government’s likely approach to information technology during his two terms.

The president’s first term included major programs to make federal technology buying more agile, to shift large swaths of the government’s computing from legacy data centers to nimble computer clouds, and to make raw agency data more transparent and accessible. Obama’s second term -- in the beginning at least -- is likely to focus on carrying those initiatives to fruition rather than on bold new plans, experts said following the president’s reelection victory. That steady course where priorities are concerned might be accompanied by steady hands at the helm. Government IT watchers told Nextgov they’d heard no speculation that either Chief Information Officer Steven VanRoekel or Chief Technology Officer Todd Park planned to leave office at the end of the president’s first term. Both men have served at their posts less than 18 months so far. Neither responded to Nextgov messages inquiring about their plans.


The Next Four Years in Government IT will be about Implementation