Friday, May 22, 2020
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FCC, IMLS Partner to Support Libraries and Address the Digital Divide
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The Federal Communications Commission announced that it is partnering with the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) to promote the use of $50 million in funding from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act to help address the digital divide during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The agencies will team up to raise awareness of these funds among libraries and Tribal organizations, which can use them to increase broadband access in their communities.
The CARES Act allocated $50 million in funding to IMLS, the primary source of federal funding for the nation’s museums and libraries, to enable these institutions, as well as organizations serving Tribal communities, to prevent, prepare for, and respond to the coronavirus pandemic. This includes work to expand digital network access, purchase Internet accessible devices, and provide technical support services to their communities. More than half of this funding was distributed through State Library Administrative Agencies (SLAAs) in all states and territories based on population. States and territories may use these funds to expand broadband access and prioritize their efforts to high-need communities using data on poverty rates, unemployment rates, and broadband availability. Additionally, $15 million of this funding will be awarded through grants to libraries and museums, as well as Tribes and organizations serving and representing Native Hawaiians. The goal of these grant programs is to support these entities and organizations in responding to the coronavirus pandemic in ways that meet the immediate and future COVID-19 needs of the communities they serve. Grant proposals may include short- or medium-term solutions to address gaps in digital infrastructure. For example, libraries may partner with community organizations to develop community Wi-Fi hotspot and laptop lending programs in underserved areas. Applications are due June 12, 2020 with award announcements anticipated in August 2020.

Broadband already powers much of our modern lives, but COVID-19 has acted as an accelerant, a fuel of sorts that has driven many essential activities online. The most significant way to move the dial for Americans without broadband is by changing policy at the federal, state and local level, not only for more funding but to remove roadblocks so that broadband can reach rural and underserved Americans faster. In short, there’s a critical need for Congress to do three things. First, Congressional action is needed to address the immediate broadband connectivity needs that are having a heightened impact on individuals and communities during the COVID-19 crisis. Funding is needed in the next stimulus bill so that students and teachers have access to remote learning, people have access to their doctors and other telehealth options, and to help people work from home, file and maintain their unemployment benefits, and apply for jobs online. Second, there’s an urgent need to provide funding to the Federal Communications Commission so it can implement recently enacted broadband-mapping legislation. As we’ve said before, we can’t solve a problem we don’t understand. Third, additional action is needed to permanently close the broadband gap. With accurate data on broadband availability, we recommend Congress provides funds based on seven important principles.
[Brad Smith is the President of Microsoft]

Representatives of rural and Native communities share stories about the experience of lacking a broadband connection when the service is necessary to work, study, and obtain healthcare, safely. These brief anecdotes illustrate the negative impact that substandard service or lack of service has on the safety and wellbeing of rural and Native communities in general, and particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors offer the Federal Communications Commission 12 recommendations:
Short-Term Recommendations
- Require Lifeline providers to offer unlimited voice, text, and data services to Lifeline subscribers during the pandemic and for six months after to ensure subscribers can rely on these services during recovery efforts.
- Extend the 2.5 GHz Tribal Priority Window for tribes to access unclaimed spectrum licenses over their lands.
- Encourage telecommunications companies to suspend all fixed and mobile broadband data caps and usage overage charges during the pandemic and for six months after to allow for connectivity during recovery efforts.
- Encourage ISPs to offer subsidized or free broadband service to tribal governments, radio and television stations, first responders, and hospitals on reservations, during the pandemic and for six months after the end of the pandemic during recovery efforts.
- Delay the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) auction 904.
- Allow tribal lands that have received separate funding to be eligible for RDOF.
- Require Auction 904 winning bidders that receive funding to build in tribal lands to demonstrate an established collaboration with the tribal governments of the lands where they received funding, within 180 days of being announced as winning bidders.
Long-Term Recommendations
- The FCC should establish a Tribal Broadband Fund to provide targeted funding for broadband planning and deployment on tribal lands.
- Collect affordability and outage data, crosscheck data reported by providers, and survey consumers.
- Establish interagency cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Department of Interior, Indian Health Services, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
- Extend E-Rate networks.
- Hold a Tribal Priority Filing Window for every spectrum auction.

Legal battles between cities and states are expected to intensify in the coming months with dust-ups over municipal broadband networks and other issues. After some high-profile disputes with governors over pandemic-related restrictions, some mayors are emboldened in pushing back on state laws prohibiting city-level policies that, they say, will be important to recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. 19 states have legal barriers or bans on municipal-owned broadband networks. This impacts millions of schoolchildren who may still be grappling with remote learning in the fall and at-home workers who are more reliant on an internet connection. More than 500 communities have some sort of publicly owned broadband networks, per the Institute for Local Self-Reliance. Some states— like Georgia, Mississippi and North Carolina — have eased restrictions on phone and electric cooperatives to facilitate broadband in rural areas where private providers are unlikely to invest.

The Mozilla court remanded to the Federal Communications Commission for further consideration the impact of the Restoring Internet Freedom Order on broadband providers’ ability to obtain pole attachments. In its initial comments, ACA Connects explained that, because all of its members commingle broadband service with either or both cable and telecommunications services, they are able to avail themselves of the rights provided to attachers to access utility poles under section 224 of the Communications Act. Accordingly, the FCC’s decision to classify broadband as an information service in the RIF Order has no impact on their pole attachment rights subject to federal jurisdiction. ACA Connects explained further that today there are relatively few broadband-only providers that would lose pole attachments rights under section 224. The FCC should not expect this number to increase materially, we explained, because broadband providers have an incentive to “fill their pipes” with non-broadband services, both to increase revenues and to achieve operational efficiencies.

In Mozilla v FCC, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit reviewed the Federal Communications Commission’s 2018 “Restoring Internet Freedom” Order, in which it reclassified broadband internet access service (“BIAS”) as an “information service” and attempted to preempt state laws addressing net neutrality. The court vacated the portion of the Order that claimed authority to preempt state laws, and remanded the Order to the FCC because the FCC had failed to consider the Order’s implications for public safety, pole attachments, and the Lifeline program. To provide adequate notice of its intended actions and to demonstrate its openness to alternative conclusions, the FCC must conduct its procedure anew, including consideration of public comments addressing the Commission’s conclusions with respect to public safety, pole attachments, and Lifeline. Without agency conclusions and the reasoning to support them, the public cannot provide meaningful feedback, and the agency cannot meet its requirements under the APA. After refreshing the record, the FCC must conduct a formal rulemaking in which it provides notice to the public of its conclusions and proposed actions, considers and addresses comments, and explains the reasoning behind its final conclusions.

The record shows extensive opposition to the Federal Communications Commission’s 2017 Restoring Internet Freedom Order and the grave danger it poses to public safety and public health, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Public health and public safety officials detail in the record how both officials and the public writ large rely on mass-market retail broadband internet access services (BIAS). They also demonstrate how a lack of ex ante rules prohibiting blocking, throttling, and paid prioritization as well as the FCC’s abdication of Title II authority could drastically harm public safety efforts. New America’s Open Technology Institute, Common Cause, and Public Knowledge agree with these assertions and urges the FCC to consider the wide-ranging reality of what “first responders” are in the modern world, especially as officials and the public are largely confined to their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, OTI, Common Cause, and PK oppose the notion that the 2017 Order improved investment in networks or benefitted public safety in any way. The facts do not support this theory. Additionally, even if network investment had been increased, this would not compensate for all the harms that result from the lack of any sort of oversight over internet service providers (ISPs) and their harmful practices.

Public interest commenters, including public safety officials, overwhelmingly agreed with Free Press’s assessment that the Federal Communications Commission’s misguided repeal of Net Neutrality and its authority over broadband internet access service (“BIAS”) harms the Lifeline program, pole attachment regulation, and public safety. These commenters also overwhelmingly agreed that the best remedy for such harms would be for the Commission to once again correctly classify broadband as a Title II service protected by strong open internet rules. While a few commenters proposed alternative legal theories, none of these suggestions are likely to withstand judicial scrutiny or serve the FCC’s statutory mandates. Many industry commenters proposed that the FCC rely on alternative authority over some broadband services through commingled voice and broadband facilities, but this is as short-sighted as it is disingenuous.
Commenters opposed to restoring Title II authority largely fall into two camps: (1) Broadband industry lobbyists who ignore the court’s decision in Mozilla v. FCC by insisting that the FCC has already sufficiently addressed the remand and reiterating the same arguments that already failed the FCC in court, and (2) ideological pro-deregulation groups that by and large fail to address the specific remand areas, and instead proclaim their perpetual and hardly germane distaste for Net Neutrality and Title II. Both camps rely heavily on baseless claims that the Restoring Internet Freedom Order has somehow spurred broadband investment, which they argue must outweigh any other considerations. But these investment claims are spurious and devoid of evidentiary support

The Lifeline program and pole attachment rights are inextricably linked to the Federal Communications Commission’s Title II authority. The FCC's decision to reclassify broadband internet access service (BIAS) as an “information service” removes BIAS-only providers from the statutory scheme that governs pole attachments. If a portion of those who would provide broadband-only services are unable to attach, that will limit the FCC’s ability to promote broadband build-out. Equally worrisome, current pole attachment rules could render broadband-only providers that have the resources to deploy to unserved or underserved areas unable to do so at a time when families and businesses are relying on the FCC to promote policies that will make it easier for them to connect. The consequences of this reclassification will inevitably contribute to the digital divide. The FCC should work quickly to adopt a strong legal framework that protects Lifeline’s broadband internet access service and the low-income consumers that Lifeline serves.

T-Mobile CEO Mike Sievert launched Connecting Heroes, the Un-carrier’s 10-year commitment to provide free service and 5G access to first responder agencies — all public and non-profit state and local fire, police and EMS departments — saving them up to $7 billion. Plus, the Un-carrier continues to build out its industry-leading 5G network at a furious pace. T-Mobile’s 5G network is now 8 times bigger than AT&T’s and 28 THOUSAND times bigger than Verizon’s.
In the wake of the pandemic, T-Mobile also is making an offer to help anyone who wants to upgrade or add personal and family smartphones. Beginning this Memorial Day weekend, you can get a free iPhone SE (with bill credits) or get $500 off a Samsung Galaxy S20 smartphone.

COVID-19 related network anomalies have returned to pre-Covid springtime levels, according to the latest Verizon Network Report. Over 776 million calls were made and 5.87 billion texts sent on May 18, showing a significant decline from peak pandemic volumes. While calls and texts are returning to normal levels, May 21’s report shows that gaming (up 82% over pre-COVID levels), VPN connections (up 72% over pre-COVID levels) and use of collaboration tools (remaining flat at 10X pre-COVID levels) are still highly elevated, indicating that while restrictions have been lifted to some degree in every state, working and schooling from home as well as gaming are still popular ways to use the Verizon networks.
Journalism
Association of National Advertisers: California Privacy Rules Threaten Financial Health of Journalism

The Association of National Advertisers says that the new browser obligations in the proposed implementing regulations of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) are "a regulatory hammer blow against the anvil of the pandemic-driven pullback in the broader ad market." That came in a letter to Rep Adam Schiff (D-CA) in response to a letter from the congressman on a related subject, keyword filtering. In its response, ANA said that the ad industry "has moved quickly and aggressively to ensure that ad-supported news media is not adversely impacted by overly broad keyword filtering of content related to the novel coronavirus," and that the CCPA browser issue was a graver threat to journalism's finances. They urged Rep Schiff to contact the California Attorney General's office about the issue ASAP to prevent "codification of these dangerous gatekeeper standards."
Policymakers
Senate Foreign Relations Committee approves nominee to oversee US Agency for Global Media

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee advanced the nomination of a Trump administration pick — whose nonprofit organization is being investigated for possible tax violations — to lead a federal media agency with oversight of a news service that has come under increasing criticism from President Donald Trump. The 12-to-10 party-line vote came after testy debate among senators over the propriety of voting on Michael Pack’s nomination to lead the US Agency for Global Media while his organization is being scrutinized by the District of Columbia’s attorney general. At one point, the committee went into a closed session at the request of Democratic senators so they could speak about the controversial nomination privately. The agency oversees Voice of America and other government-funded news outlets.
Democratic senators have vigorously protested the nomination of Pack to the normally obscure post, one the president has taken a particular interest in as his administration steps up its criticism of Voice of America. The news agency is federally funded but operates independently, yet the White House has accused the outlet of promoting Chinese government propaganda in its coronavirus coverage and threatened to bar its White House bureau chief from traveling on Air Force Two. Apparently, in a private lunch with Republican senators recently, President Trump derisively called Voice of America the “voice of the Soviet Union” and called it “communists."
Benton (www.benton.org) provides the only free, reliable, and non-partisan daily digest that curates and distributes news related to universal broadband, while connecting communications, democracy, and public interest issues. Posted Monday through Friday, this service provides updates on important industry developments, policy issues, and other related news events. While the summaries are factually accurate, their sometimes informal tone may not always represent the tone of the original articles. Headlines are compiled by Kevin Taglang (headlines AT benton DOT org) and Robbie McBeath (rmcbeath AT benton DOT org) — we welcome your comments.
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