Daily Digest 12/15/2020 (306-232)

Benton Institute for Broadband & Society
Table of Contents

Broadband/Internet

Broadband Demand: The Cost and Price Elasticity of Broadband Internet Service in Rural Pennsylvania  |  Read below  |  Sascha Meinrath, Steven Mansour, Taylor Mazeski, Adilson Gonzalez Morales, Abigail Jansen  |  Research  |  Center for Rural Pennsylvania
Report: America Needs More Open-Access, Middle-Mile Networks  |  Summary at Benton.org  |  Government Technology
Public Notice | Proposed First Quarter 2021 USF Contribution Factor is 31.8 Percent  |  Federal Communications Commission
The RDOF Auction Results and Implications for US Broadband Policy  |  Read below  |  Joan Marsh  |  Press Release  |  AT&T
Show Me the Money: Broadband Funding Best Practices  |  Craig Settles

Wireless

Electric utilities eye private LTE, 5G for digital transformations  |  Fierce

Platforms

FTC Issues Orders to Nine Social Media and Video Streaming Services Seeking Data About How They Collect, Use, and Present Information  |  Read below  |  Press Release  |  Federal Trade Commission
Google Dominates Thanks to an Unrivaled View of the Web  |  Read below  |  Daisuke Wakabayashi  |  New York Times
Tech Companies Shift Their Posture on a Legal Shield, Wary of Being Left Behind  |  New York Times
Google think tank's report on white supremacy says little about YouTube, blamed for its role in driving people to extremism  |  USA Today
The People vs. Amazon: Our Summary of Congress’s Findings  |  Institute for Local Self-Reliance
Op-Ed | Attacks on Section 230 Reveal Much More Dangerous Tech-Policy Strategy  |  Hill, The
Op-Ed | America must have a technology ambassador for the digital world  |  Hill, The

Security

Scope of Russian Hack Becomes Clear: Multiple US Agencies Were Hit  |  Read below  |  David Sanger, Nicole Perlroth, Eric Schmitt  |  New York Times, Wall Street Journal

Journalism

U.S. Press Freedom in Crisis: Journalists Under Arrest in 2020  |  Read below  |  Research  |  Freedom of the Press Foundation

TV

FCC: AT&T Now is "effective competition" for Cox, Comcast in Massachusetts  |  Multichannel News

Policymakers

William Barr Is Out as Attorney General  |  New York Times
Nathan Simington Sworn in as FCC Commissioner  |  Read below  |  Michael Balderston  |  TVTechnology, Radio and Television Business Report
Appointee who led Trump’s tech crackdown tapped for top DOJ role  |  Read below  |  Cristiano Lima, Leah Nylen, Daniel Lippman  |  Politico

Stories From Abroad

Ireland’s Data Protection Commission announces decision in Twitter inquiry  |  Read below  |  Press Release  |  Data Protection Commission, Wall Street Journal
In India, Facebook Fears Crackdown on Hate Groups Could Backfire on Its Staff  |  Wall Street Journal
Today's Top Stories

Broadband/Internet

Broadband Demand: The Cost and Price Elasticity of Broadband Internet Service in Rural Pennsylvania

Sascha Meinrath, Steven Mansour, Taylor Mazeski, Adilson Gonzalez Morales, Abigail Jansen  |  Research  |  Center for Rural Pennsylvania

This year-long research project surveyed rural and urban Pennsylvanians about their willingness to pay for high-speed broadband service. It provides a unique first look into factors that continue to create substantial barriers to closing the digital divide. The researchers surveyed 1,446 Pennsylvania residents in May and June 2020. They used a hybrid telephone/SMS (short message service, or “text messaging”) survey that asked respondents about the type of internet technology available to them, broadband pricing, and willingness to pay for 25 Megabits per second (Mbps) broadband.

Key findings:

  1. There are differences in the types of internet service used by urban and rural respondents, with urban respondents reporting higher use of cable and fiber connectivity and rural respondents reporting higher use of dial-up, DSL, and satellite;
  2. An evaluation of pricing data alone masks important differences in speed tiers between urban and rural respondents;
  3. Within pricing tiers, rural respondents are more likely to have slower internet speeds and urban respondents are more likely to have faster speeds;
  4. Urban and rural respondents are receiving systematically inequitable service - not only in terms of broadband speed, but also in price for service;
  5. The demand for broadband service shows a “sweet spot” in terms of willingness to pay in the under $60/month range; and,
  6. When speed and price are held stable, rural respondents have a higher willingness to pay for broadband than urban residents.

Policy considerations:

  1. Change Pennsylvania’s current definition of “broadband” – currently defined as 1.544 Mbps download and 128 kilobits per second upload speed – to meet or exceed federal definitions for broadband.
  2. Establish government support mechanisms for broadband buildout that provide greater transparency and standardized public disclosure of broadband service characteristics, including speed, regular pricing, and service limitations.
  3. Commission a statewide study to assess and derive a broadband affordability formula and model for how much low-income households can afford to spend on broadband without having to sacrifice other necessities such as rent, food, medical care, etc.
  4. As suggested in earlier research on broadband availability and access, policymakers should maximize the options for broadband service provision by allowing other viable entities, such as community-based networks, municipalities, and cooperatives, to deploy broadband across rural Pennsylvania.

The RDOF Auction Results and Implications for US Broadband Policy

Joan Marsh  |  Press Release  |  AT&T

The preliminary results of the Federal Communications Commission’s Rural Digital Opportunity Fund (RDOF) auction are now public and while it is a long road from auction results to authorization of funding to actual deployment, the results have significant implications for US broadband policy. The results suggest that the cost of fully addressing the broadband availability gap may be much less than many currently anticipate. The results raise important questions around how much subsidy will be needed to attract deployment to serve the remaining unserved locations that will be auctioned in Phase II. If all the RDOF winners meet their commitments, we may be on track to resolve a big part of the rural broadband “availability” gap, but it will not resolve the “affordability” gap in these areas, which is likely to persist, particularly for services at 100 Mbps or better.

Platforms

FTC Issues Orders to Nine Social Media and Video Streaming Services Seeking Data About How They Collect, Use, and Present Information

Press Release  |  Federal Trade Commission

The Federal Trade Commission is issuing orders to nine social media and video streaming companies, requiring them to provide data on how they collect, use, and present personal information, their advertising and user engagement practices, and how their practices affect children and teens. The FTC is issuing the orders under Section 6(b) of the FTC Act, which authorizes the FTC to conduct wide-ranging studies that do not have a specific law enforcement purpose. The orders are being sent to Amazon, ByteDance Ltd. (which operates the short video service TikTok), Discord, Facebook, Reddit, Snap, Twitter, WhatsApp, and YouTube. The companies will have 45 days from the date they received the order to respond. The FTC is seeking information specifically related to:

  • how social media and video streaming services collect, use, track, estimate, or derive personal and demographic information;
  • how they determine which ads and other content are shown to consumers;
  • whether they apply algorithms or data analytics to personal information;
  • how they measure, promote, and research user engagement; and
  • how their practices affect children and teens.

Google Dominates Thanks to an Unrivaled View of the Web

Daisuke Wakabayashi  |  New York Times

In 2000, just two years after it was founded, Google reached a milestone that would lay the foundation for its dominance over the next 20 years: It became the world’s largest search engine, with an index of more than one billion web pages. The rest of the internet never caught up, and Google’s index just kept on getting bigger. Today, it’s somewhere between 500 billion and 600 billion web pages, according to estimates. Now, as regulators around the world examine ways to curb Google’s power, including a search monopoly case expected from state attorneys general as early as this week and the antitrust lawsuit the Justice Department filed in October, they are wrestling with a company whose sheer size has allowed it to squash competitors. And those competitors are pointing investigators toward that enormous index, the gravitational center of the company.

Security

Scope of Russian Hack Becomes Clear: Multiple US Agencies Were Hit

David Sanger, Nicole Perlroth, Eric Schmitt  |  New York Times, Wall Street Journal

The scope of a hack engineered by one of Russia’s premier intelligence agencies became clearer when some Trump administration officials acknowledged that other federal agencies — the State Department, the Department of Homeland Security, and parts of the Pentagon — had been compromised. Investigators were struggling to determine the extent to which the military, intelligence community, and nuclear laboratories were affected by the highly sophisticated attack. United States officials did not detect the attack until recent weeks, and then only when a private cybersecurity firm, FireEye, alerted American intelligence that the hackers had evaded layers of defenses. It was evident that the Treasury and Commerce Departments, the first agencies reported to be breached, were only part of a far larger operation whose sophistication stunned even experts who have been following a quarter-century of Russian hacks on the Pentagon and American civilian agencies. About 18,000 private and government users downloaded a Russian tainted software update — a Trojan horse of sorts — that gave its hackers a foothold into victims’ systems.

Journalism

U.S. Press Freedom in Crisis: Journalists Under Arrest in 2020

Freedom of the Press Foundation's newest report shows that there have been at least 117 verified cases of a journalist being arrested or detained on the job in the US in 2020. The U.S. Press Freedom Tracker is also still investigating more than a dozen additional reports of arrests or detentions. Arrests of journalists skyrocketed by more than 1200% in comparison to 2019. In just one week, from May 29 - June 4, more reporters were arrested in the U.S. than in the previous three years combined. Arrests occurred in more than two dozen cities across the country. And more than 36% of the arrests were accompanied by an assault: journalists were beaten, hit with rubber bullets or other projectiles or covered in chemical agents, like tear gas or pepper spray. The vast majority of these arrests occurred while journalists were documenting the historic, nationwide protests over the police killing of George Floyd and in support of Black Lives Matter.

Policymakers

Nathan Simington Sworn in as FCC Commissioner

Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai swore in Nathan Simington as the commission's newest commissioner. Simington’s term is back-dated to July 1, 2019, when the previous term of former Commissioner Michael O’Rielly was scheduled to end. The swearing in ceremony took place virtually as the FCC continues to work remotely amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Appointee who led Trump’s tech crackdown tapped for top DOJ role

Cristiano Lima, Leah Nylen, Daniel Lippman  |  Politico

Adam Candeub, the acting head of Commerce’s National Telecommunications and Information Administration, has been named deputy associate attorney general. The political appointment does not require congressional confirmation. Candeub helped lead President Donald Trump’s crackdown against social media companies. Candeub has played a central role in carrying out Trump’s executive order targeting social media companies like Twitter and Facebook over allegations they censor conservative viewpoints. The executive order asked federal agencies, including the Federal Communications Commission, to narrow the scope of a crucial set of liability protections that shield online companies from lawsuits over the user content they host. One of Candeub’s advisers at the NTIA, Nathan Simington, was confirmed to a five-year term as an FCC commissioner. Candeub, who first joined NTIA earlier in 2020, has a long history of bashing the social media giants over allegations of an anti-conservative bias. In 2018, Candeub represented a white nationalist in a lawsuit against Twitter alleging the social network censored him.

Stories From Abroad

Ireland’s Data Protection Commission announces decision in Twitter inquiry

The Data Protection Commission (DPC)  announced a conclusion to a General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) investigation it conducted into Twitter International. The DPC’s investigation commenced in January 2019 following receipt of a breach notification from Twitter and the DPC has found that Twitter infringed Article 33(1) and 33(5) of the GDPR in terms of a failure to notify the breach on time to the DPC and a failure to adequately document the breach. The DPC has imposed an administrative fine of €450,000 on Twitter as an effective, proportionate and dissuasive measure. The draft decision in this inquiry, having been submitted to other Concerned Supervisory Authorities under Article 60 of the GDPR in May of this year, was the first one to go through the Article 65 (“dispute resolution”) process since the introduction of the GDPR and was the first Draft Decision in a “big tech” case on which all EU supervisory authorities were consulted as Concerned Supervisory Authorities.

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Benton (www.benton.org) provides the only free, reliable, and non-partisan daily digest that curates and distributes news related to universal broadband, while connecting communications, democracy, and public interest issues. Posted Monday through Friday, this service provides updates on important industry developments, policy issues, and other related news events. While the summaries are factually accurate, their sometimes informal tone may not always represent the tone of the original articles. Headlines are compiled by Kevin Taglang (headlines AT benton DOT org) and Robbie McBeath (rmcbeath AT benton DOT org) — we welcome your comments.


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Kevin Taglang

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Benton Institute
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