Friday, December 13, 2019
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‘It’s Hard to Trust the Numbers.’ Internet Providers Inflate Official Speed Results
News From the FCC Meeting
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News From FCC Meeting
The Federal Communications Commission voted to take a fresh and comprehensive look at the 5.9 GHz (5.850-5.925 GHz) band, proposing rule changes to ensure that this spectrum supports its highest and best use for the American people. For the past two decades, the entire 75 megahertz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band has been reserved for use by Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC), a radio service designed to enable vehicle-related communications. However, after 20 years, DSRC still has not been widely deployed, and this spectrum therefore generally remains unused.
In the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), the FCC proposes to designate the lower 45 megahertz of the band for unlicensed uses like Wi-Fi. This 45 megahertz sub-band can be combined with existing unlicensed spectrum to provide cutting-edge high-throughput broadband applications on channels up to 160 megahertz wide. The FCC is proposing to dedicate the remaining 30 megahertz of the band for use by transportation and vehicle safety-related communication services. Specifically, in the NPRM, the FCC proposes to revise its rules to provide Cellular Vehicle to Everything (CV2X), an emerging standard for transportation applications, with exclusive access to the upper 20 megahertz of the band.
The Federal Communications Commission started the process of designating 988 as a new, nationwide, 3-digit number for a suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline. This designation will help ease access to crisis services, reduce the stigma surrounding suicide and mental health conditions, and ultimately save lives. The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) proposes that calls made to 988 would be directed to the existing National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, a national network of 163 crisis centers that is funded by the Department of Health and Human Services’ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Currently, the Lifeline is available by calling 1- 800-273-TALK and through online chats. In 2018, trained Lifeline counselors answered over 2.2 million calls and over 100,000 online chats. The NPRM proposes requiring that all telecommunications carriers and interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service providers make, within 18 months, any network changes necessary to ensure that users can dial 988 to reach the Lifeline.
Broadband/Internet
‘It’s Hard to Trust the Numbers.’ Internet Providers Inflate Official Speed Results
The Federal Communications Commission’s nearly decade-old program, Measuring Broadband America, is the US government’s gauge of whether home internet-service providers are holding up their end of the bargain when they promise users certain speeds. Companies wield tremendous influence over the study and often employ tactics to boost their scores, according to interviews with more than two dozen industry executives, engineers and government officials. As a result, the FCC’s report likely gives consumers an unreliable measure of internet providers’ performances by overstating speeds. “It’s hard to trust the numbers when you know” of efforts to massage the results, said veteran cable and telecom consultant Mark Lubow. Internet experts and former FCC officials said the setup gives the internet companies enormous leverage. “How can you go to the party who controls the information and say, ‘please give me information that may implicate you?’ ” said Tom Wheeler, a former FCC chairman who stepped down in Jan 2017. Internet experts said the FCC’s entire testing approach needs to be rethought to be more useful for consumers. The current test measures how much capacity internet providers supply to a household, in a vacuum, but doesn’t monitor the internet performance that users actually experience while streaming, gaming or surfing the Web, which can be affected by overtaxed neighborhood networks, Wi-Fi interference or traffic jams deep in the guts of the internet.
USDA to Make $550 Million in Funding Available in 2020 to Deploy High-Speed Broadband Internet Infrastructure in Rural America
US Sec of Agriculture Sonny Perdue announced the availability of a second round of $550 million in US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Reconnect Pilot Program funding appropriated by Congress. The application window for this round of funding is set to open Jan 31, 2020. Sec Perdue made the announcement alongside Gov Kim Reynolds (R-IA) while congratulating the Farmers Mutual Telephone Company of Stanton (IA) for receiving $6.4 million in first-round Reconnect Pilot Program funding to connect 477 households, 35 farms and 21 businesses in Montgomery and Page counties. USDA will make available up to $200 million for grants, up to $200 million for 50/50 grant/loan combinations, and up to $200 million for low-interest loans. The application window will close no later than March 16, 2020.
While the buzz around 5G is often focused on smartphones (and the technology’s promise of lag-free gaming and streaming), the cellular technology stands to hypercharge industries far beyond entertainment. With its high bandwidth, low latency (i.e., the ability to transfer lots of data with minimal delay), and high reliability, 5G is faster and more dependable than 4G, and so robust that it can replace wired connections—bringing everything from factory robots to fleets of autonomous vehicles online. Also poised for big change is agriculture. Sensors and artificial intelligence could take some of the guesswork out of nature’s cycles, allowing farmers to remotely monitor weather patterns, livestock wellness, and soil nutrients, while autonomous driving and cloud computing could make equipment more efficient. “Our ability to have machines sending data in both directions is really important,” says Lane Arthur, John Deere’s director of digital solutions. Add to it the fact that the US farming industry has lost roughly 7 million workers since the 1950s, and you have a new frontier for Silicon Valley’s problem solvers: the farm of the future.
On December 10, 2019, Senate Democrats once again demanded, via a call for unanimous consent, an immediate vote on the Save the Internet Act, legislation that reverses the repeal of net neutrality protections. The repeal, adopted two years ago, classified broadband internet access service as an information service and, importantly, largely abdicated the FCC's jurisdiction over broadband. Earlier this year, the House of Representatives passed the Save the Internet Act, but Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) has declined to schedule a vote in the Senate. The debate in the Senate this week was familiar to anyone who's been following this issue. But is this as far as the debate goes?
House Communications Subcommittee Chairman Mike Doyle (D-PA) is confident that if Vice President Joe Biden were to be elected president, he would work with the Democrats to restore net neutrality rules. Net neutrality tends to be an important issue with a lot of people in the tech community and younger voters that want to see a level playing field and make sure ISPs don't block content, he said, but that while it is an important issue, he doesn't see it as a "primary" issue (no pun intended). Chairman Doyle has net neutrality legislation that would restore much of the 2015 Open Internet Order, including the rate regulation forbearance. He was asked to respond to candidate Bernie Sanders' support for rate regulation of broadband and Sanders was an outlier. Doyle said he was not focused on what this or that candidate said they would do or wouldn't do, though he said that would be a question to ask him once there was a nominee. But he did say forbearance is key to building bipartisan support for net neutrality legislation. Democrats, Republicans and ISPs all have said they support legislation to end the legal ping-pong game of rules, rule reversals, and rule challenges.
2020 looks like it will be your year to get 5G—but only in the sense of having that signal on your phone, not in the sense of knowing quite what it’s supposed to be or using it to its full potential. A new report from the network analysis firm Opensignal advises that while this revamp of mobile broadband is poised to reach far more of the US, it will do so in ways that may leave both carriers and their customers feeling some wireless whiplash. The former won’t be able to provide it at the speed and over the coverage area they’d like; the latter will have to puzzle through wildly varying versions of 5G available to them that might not solve today’s hangups with streaming video. The uneven availability of 5G speed and spectrum suggest that US carriers won’t be able to lift their caps on the resolution of streaming video, their current attempt to keep video traffic from eating up all of their bandwidth.
House committee leaders are still unable to strike a final deal on key privacy issues and are instead opting to release a discussion draft as bipartisan talks continue. House Consumer Protection Subcommittee Chairwoman Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) is spearheading those talks in the chamber. She will release a draft bill as early as next week that will not address hotly contested issues over whether a national standard should override state laws or enable consumers to sue companies over privacy violations. A spokesman for Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA) said the bill is the result of bipartisan discussions. But unlike in the Senate, House leaders indicated they have no plans to put out dueling privacy proposals along party lines at this stage. “Right now we’re focused on trying to see if we can find common ground with Chairwoman Schakowsky” and House Commerce Committee Chairman Frank Pallone (D-NJ), said Rep. Greg Walden (R-OR), the top Republican on the committee. Chairwoman Schakowsky has received no indication from panel Republicans that they will put out their own standalone proposal. “I think that’s because from the beginning we’ve really tried to keep them in the loop and to work with them,” she said. And will the two sides ever agree on a private right of action? Rep McMorris Rodgers is interested in hearing more about a possible compromise between the two parties on a narrow right to sue — something Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Roger Wicker (R-MS) has said he’s willing to entertain. But she added she has not been a part of any discussions on such a deal.
Advocacy groups are urging the Federal Trade Commission to step up enforcement of a federal privacy law that prohibits website operators from knowingly collecting data from children younger than 13 without their parents' permission. In comments filed with the FTC Dec 11, 19 organizations say noncompliance with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act is “widespread.” “The most important thing that the FTC could do to protect children’s privacy is to more aggressively enforce its existing rules,” the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, Center for Digital Democracy, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Public Citizen and other groups write. The organizations point specifically to the FTC's recent record-breaking $170 million children's privacy settlement with Google as evidence that enforcement efforts have lagged. “The FTC has long been aware that many channels on YouTube are directed to children,” the groups write. “Yet the FTC took no action until earlier this year.”
It is no secret that, in an information environment characterized by deep tensions between President Donald Trump and national news organizations, Americans are divided in their trust of the news media. A new Pew Research Center exploration of more than 50 different surveys conducted by the Center – combined with an analysis of well over 100 questions measuring possible factors that could drive trust in the news media – confirms that in the Trump era nothing comes close to matching the impact of political party identification. On item after item, Republicans consistently express far greater skepticism of the news media and their motives than Democrats, according to this analysis that focuses on trust in the news media during 2018 and 2019. Even more telling, the analysis reveals that divides emerge within party – particularly the Republican Party – based on how strongly people approve of Trump’s performance as president.
About three-in-ten Republicans and Republican-leaning independents (31%) say journalists have very low ethical standards, roughly six times the 5% of Democrats and Democratic leaners who say this. Trump’s strongest approvers, though, express even greater suspicion: 40% of Republicans who strongly approve of Trump’s job performance say journalists’ ethics are that low. That is true of far fewer Republicans who only somewhat approve of Trump or disapprove of him: 17% and 12%, respectively. Highly engaged partisans are even more polarized in their views than the two parties overall. For example, there is a 46 percentage point gap between all Democrats and Republicans (including those who lean to each party) in whether they have a great deal or fair amount of confidence that journalists will act in the best interests of the public. This jumps to a 75-point gap between the highly politically aware who associate with the two parties (91% of highly politically aware Democrats vs. 16% of highly aware Republicans).
The global internet has accelerated economic growth in many countries, and online-offline movements like #BlackLivesMatter, the Umbrella Movement, #MeToo, and #MarchForOurLives underscore social media’s potential to affect real change in the world. But a series of events since 2010, from large-scale cyberattacks to disinformation campaigns to revelations about global surveillance, have prompted many governments to question whether the benefits of a global and open internet are worth the potential costs. As we look toward the next decade, it is more imperative than ever that democracies work to reconcile tensions in how they govern and reaffirm trust in the global and open internet. Can they protect and uphold civil liberties online while also protecting citizens and businesses from cybersecurity threats? Without substantive, democratic policy changes that do just that, the decade ahead may produce even greater suspicion toward cyberspace than the one now coming to a close.
[Justin Sherman is a Cybersecurity Policy Fellow at New America, a Fellow at the Duke Center on Law & Technology at Duke University’s School of Law, and a senior at Duke University double-majoring in computer science and political science. He is also an Artificial Intelligence Associate at Technology for Global Security.]
Benton (www.benton.org) provides the only free, reliable, and non-partisan daily digest that curates and distributes news related to universal broadband, while connecting communications, democracy, and public interest issues. Posted Monday through Friday, this service provides updates on important industry developments, policy issues, and other related news events. While the summaries are factually accurate, their sometimes informal tone may not always represent the tone of the original articles. Headlines are compiled by Kevin Taglang (headlines AT benton DOT org) and Robbie McBeath (rmcbeath AT benton DOT org) — we welcome your comments.
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