Rafael López
Internet trust in Spain: Longitudinal evidence on socio-economic and digital adoption behavior
Using the 2014-2021 waves of Spain's ICT-H household panel, we track Internet trust for 59,648 users across 130,013 person-year observations. Employing a correlated random-effects ordered-probit model, we find that improvements in digital skills and first-hand use of transactional services are the strongest predictors of higher reported trust, while traditional socio-economic markers show comparatively weaker associations.