María Teresa Herrero-Zamorano

Expanding and upgrading communication networks in rural areas is particularly challenging due to high investment costs and limited prospects for cost recovery. In this context, researchers and policymakers widely view mobile infrastructures as the most viable solution, given their flexibility and lower deployment costs. However, techno-economic assessments that support this view often rely on population-based demand models, an approach that fails to capture the growing complexity of contemporary usage patterns.