Daily Digest 10/16/2018 (The Internet Splinters)

Benton Foundation
Table of Contents

Internet/Broadband

As the Internet Splinters, the World Suffers  |  Read below  |  Editorial staff  |  Editorial  |  New York Times
First SemiAnnual Report on NTIA's ICANN Activities  |  National Telecommunications and Information Administration
  • ICANN’s internet DNS security upgrade apparently goes off without a glitch  |  IDG News Service
FCC Chairman Pai Wants to Tweak Tribal Broadband Order  |  Read below  |  FCC Chairman Ajit Pai  |  Federal Communications Commission
Iowa: Rural broadband, and the unknown costs of the digital divide  |  Read below  |  Lyz Lenz  |  Columbia Journalism Review
Google Building Cable Between US and France to Open in 2020  |  Guardian, The
Boston plans to lease fiber to connect and provide broadband internet service to 170 city-owned buildings  |  Boston Herald
Belmont Light looks to introduce town-owned broadband internet in Massachusetts  |  Wicked Local

Wireless

'The race to 5G has begun': Hearing led by Sen Thune (R-SD) touts possibilities of technology in Sioux Falls  |  Read below  |  Joe Sneve  |  Sioux Falls Argus Leader
The 'Wet Blanket' of 5G Wireless  |  Read below  |  Cristiano Lima  |  Politico
Smaller and regional carriers begin to rally around 5G  |  Fierce
CBRS Alliance Outlines Fast Moving Progress: Commercial Deployments May Come In 2018  |  telecompetitor
Midco sets sights on offering 100/20 Mbps speeds using 3.5 GHz band in South Dakota  |  Fierce
Huntsville, Alabama plans for broadband 5G internet service  |  WHNT

Education

From Hotspots to School Bus Wi-Fi, Districts Seek Out Solutions to ‘Homework Gap’  |  Read below  |  Emily Tate  |  EdSurge

MIT announces $1 billion artificial intelligence and computing initiative  |  Read below  |  Clive Cookson  |  Financial Times

Emergency Communications

Fiber Damage Vexes Verizon After Hurricane Michael  |  Read below  |  Sarah Krouse  |  Wall Street Journal
AT&T’s TV and internet service is down in Texas because of a fire  |  Vox
Florida newsrooms pummeled by Hurricane Michael, but the reporting goes on  |  CNN

Elections

Senate Candidates in Tennessee Differ on Bringing Internet to Rural Areas  |  Read below  |  Dave Flessner  |  Times Free Press
Tech policy and the midterm elections  |  Read below  |  Roslyn Layton  |  Analysis  |  American Enterprise Institute
Facebook expands ban on voting misinformation ahead of US midterms  |  Read below  |  Makena Kelly  |  Vox
West Virginia's voting experiment stirs security fears  |  Read below  |  Christian Vasquez  |  Politico
Now for Rent: Email Addresses and Phone Numbers for Millions of Trump Supporters  |  New York Times

Platforms/Content

Social Media Bots Draw Public’s Attention and Concern  |  Read below  |  Galen Stocking, Nami Sumida  |  Research  |  Pew Research Center
Why former CIA director John Brennan is nervous about Facebook and Google  |  Read below  |  Rob Pegoraro  |  Yahoo Finance
What Are Digital Platforms?  |  Information Technology and Innovation Foundation
A new project is trying to track hateful users’ activity on Twitter  |  Vox
An online decency moderator's advice: Blur your eyes  |  BBC
The alt-right loves YouTube  |  Vox

Ownership

The Growth of Sinclair's Conservative Media Empire  |  Read below  |  Sheelah Kolhatkar  |  New Yorker
Deposition: AT&T CEO raised idea of selling CNN to head off antitrust challenge  |  Read below  |  David McLaughlin  |  Bloomberg
ACA Says DOJ Must Narrow Disney's Fox Regional Sports Networks Spin-off Conditions  |  Broadcasting&Cable
Big tech's role in regional inequality  |  Brookings

Journalism

The Expanding News Desert  |  Read below  |  Penelope Muse Abernathy  |  Research  |  University of North Carolina
Filtering Out the Bots: What Americans Actually Told the FCC About Net Neutrality Repeal  |  Read below  |  Ryan Singel  |  Research  |  Stanford Law School
‘I wouldn’t go to your work and flip you off’: CNN’s Jim Acosta engages Trump Nation  |  Washington Post

Security

Op-ed: We’d be crippled by a cyberattack on our utilities  |  Washington Post
4 Big Reasons Cable Subscribers Haven’t Cut the Cord—Yet  |  AdWeek
Amazon's Jeff Bezos Says Tech Companies Should Work with the Pentagon  |  Wired
TSA lays out plans to use facial recognition for domestic flights  |  Vox
The US needs a law that requires companies to disclose data breaches quickly, cybersecurity experts say  |  Washington Post

Privacy

Google Plus Demonstrates We Can’t Trust Companies to Do the Right Thing  |  Public Knowledge
Robert Gellman -- One way to solve the US privacy law dilemma: An opt-in privacy law  |  International Association of Privacy Professionals

Labor

How tech workers became activists, leading a resistance movement that is shaking up Silicon Valley  |  Fast Company

Community Media

Can libraries save America?  |  Quartz

Policymakers

Paul Allen, Microsoft co-founder  |  Read below  |  Rachel Lerman  |  Seattle Times

Stories from Abroad

Myanmar’s Military Said to Be Behind Facebook Campaign That Fueled Genocide  |  New York Times
Google’s CEO Defends Potential Return to China  |  Wall Street Journal
Facebook cracks down on ‘dark ads’ by British political groups  |  Guardian, The
  • Facebook's 'spam purge' is silencing genuine debate, political page creators say  |  Guardian, The
Today's Top Stories

Internet/Broadband

As the Internet Splinters, the World Suffers

Editorial staff  |  Editorial  |  New York Times

The received wisdom was once that a unified, unbounded web promoted democracy through the free flow of information. Things don’t seem quite so simple anymore. All signs point to a future with three internets: one internet led by China, one internet led by the United States, and one internet led by the European Union. All three regions are generating sets of rules, regulations and norms that are beginning to rub up against one another. What’s more, the actual physical location of data has increasingly become separated by region, with data confined to data centers inside the borders of countries with data localization laws. And information superhighway cracks apart more easily when so much of it depends on privately owned infrastructure. The power of a handful of platforms and services combined with the dismal state of international cooperation across the world pushes us closer and closer to a splintered internet. Meanwhile, American companies that once implicitly pushed democratic values abroad are more reticent to take a stand. If things continue along this path, the next decade may see the internet relegated to little more than just another front on the new cold war.

FCC Chairman Pai Wants to Tweak Tribal Broadband Order

FCC Chairman Ajit Pai  |  Federal Communications Commission

In a letter to New Mexico lawmakers, Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai said that a tribal broadband order approved in 2018 wrongly cuts out certain tribal telecom companies in that state. This exclusion had been a source of concern for representatives like Rep. Ben Ray Luján (D-NM) about the FCC’s order, which allowed telecom companies serving tribal lands to get more funding to cover operational expenses. “After a thorough review of the record, I believe that it was inappropriate to exclude carriers that did not have 10/1 Mbps broadband service deployed to 90% of their service territory (like Mescalero Apache and Sacred Wind) at the time the Order was adopted,” Chairman Pai wrote, noting that he’s “directed staff to circulate an order in the near future to fix this mistake.”

Iowa: Rural broadband, and the unknown costs of the digital divide

Lyz Lenz  |  Columbia Journalism Review

According to US News and World Report, Iowa is the most connected state in the nation, which presumably means they have a high percentage of households with access to high-speed internet. But the data used for that analysis is deeply flawed. It is easy to find yourself completely unconnected from the wires and signals that pull us all together through our computers and mobile devices. Reports of IA’s connectivity are greatly exaggerated, according to Ashley Hitt, director of GIS Services for the broadband advocacy nonprofit Connected Nation. The Federal Communications Commission estimates based on census blocks are inaccurate. Hitt also points out that many providers, large and small, often overestimate their connectivity because they simply lack accurate, independently verified maps. Connect Nation CEO Tom Ferree says right now, "America is living with a caste system of digital inequality. And with the advent of 5G internet, the digital divide will only deepen if Iowa can’t catch up.”

Emergency Communications

Fiber Damage Vexes Verizon After Hurricane Michael

Sarah Krouse  |  Wall Street Journal

Hurricane Michael has caused such extensive damage to the fiber that underpins Verizon's wireless network that it has stymied the carrier’s efforts to restore service to parts of the hardest-hit areas of the Florida Panhandle. Verizon’s network suffered “an unprecedented amount of fiber damage” in those areas during Hurricane Michael, said spokeswoman Karen Schulz. Wireless service problems have persisted for the carrier in parts of Panama City, Panama City Beach and Mexico Beach. Fiber is a crucial part of modern wireless networks, but it can be damaged by heavy winds and flying tree limbs and other debris. Verizon, the largest US wireless carrier by subscribers, had aerial and underground fiber in the area damaged by Michael. “Our overwhelming problem is fiber,” said Schulz. Even as the carrier repairs some fiber, recovery and cleanup efforts can cause trees and debris to create new cuts, she said. A number of mobile cell sites the carrier deployed to help restore service are also reliant on fiber, which has further delayed service restoration.

Elections

Senate Candidates in Tennessee Differ on Bringing Internet to Rural Areas

Dave Flessner  |  Times Free Press

House Communications Subcommittee Chairman Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) said she thinks Tennessee's approach to providing high-speed Internet and broadband services to rural areas "has worked well in our state" and she reiterated her opposition to having government utilities like EPB expand outside their territories to compete with AT&T, Comcast and other private telecom companies. The issue that has been fought over at the Federal Communications Commision and the TN Legislature for the past three years has resurfaced in the 2018 US Senate election race between Blackburn and her Democratic opponent, former Gov Phil Bredesen (D-TN). Bredesen wants the Tennessee Valley Authority, which helped electrify rural TN in the 1930s, to expand into broadband service to ensure that the entire Tennessee Valley gets high-speed internet access. Bredesen said he would favor changing the TVA Act to enable TVA to expand into telecommunications and he even voiced support for providing federal subsidies to ensure more Tennesseans have access to broadband services, which he said are essential for education, commerce and medical care. But Chairman Blackburn said bigger government is not the solution to America's problems. "We cannot turn broadband expansion over to the government, " she said earlier in 2018. "Doing so would create a monopoly and raise taxes, all while drawing the process out."

Tech policy and the midterm elections

Roslyn Layton  |  Analysis  |  American Enterprise Institute

Voters in elections tend to focus on topline policy issues such as the economy and health care, not tech policy, which enjoys considerable bipartisan agreement and offers little opportunity to highlight differences with opponents. Network neutrality internet regulation is an exception, as Democratic lawmakers use it both as symbolic politics at the federal and state level and as a wedge issue to bring millennial voters, a group with historically low turnout in midterms, to the polls. While it is driven by different political frustrations with the tech industry, momentum for updated consumer online privacy legislation has emerged and offers a win-win opportunity for both parties in Congress. The parties’ respective tech policy accomplishments to date are consistent with their stated positions from the 2016 election platforms, Republican lawmakers with promoting private investment in next-generation broadband networks and Democratic lawmakers with defending internet regulation.

Facebook expands ban on voting misinformation ahead of US midterms

Makena Kelly  |  Vox

Facebook is going to begin banning false information involving voting ahead of the US’s Nov 2018 midterm elections. Before the 2016 elections, Facebook banned posts that provided misinformation as to where people could go to vote and at what time polls opened or closed. But in Oct 15’s announcement, the company plans to push further, banning posts that advertise false voting methods, like sending a text to vote, or posts claiming primary votes will be counted in the general election. The company is also expanding reporting tools for other forms of voting misinformation, like posts that falsely describe the conditions of polling stations. The new tools will be made available to help users flag content for Facebook’s third-party fact-checkers to review ahead of election season.

West Virginia's voting experiment stirs security fears

Christian Vasquez  |  Politico

West Virginia is about to take a leap of faith in voting technology — but it could put people's ballots at risk. In Nov, it will become the first state to deploy a smartphone app in a general election, allowing hundreds of overseas residents and members of the military stationed abroad to cast their ballots remotely. And the app will rely on blockchain, the same buzzy technology that underpins bitcoin, in yet another Election Day first. “Especially for people who are serving the country, I think we should find ways to make it easier for them to vote without compromising on the security,” said Nimit Sawhney, co-founder of Voatz, the company that created the app of the same name that West Virginia is using. “Right now, they send their ballots by email and fax, and — whatever you may think of our security — that's totally not a secure way to send back a ballot.”

Platforms/Content

Social Media Bots Draw Public’s Attention and Concern

Galen Stocking, Nami Sumida  |  Research  |  Pew Research Center

Since the 2016 US presidential election, many Americans have expressed concern about the presence of misinformation online, particularly on social media. This topic has drawn the attention of much of the public: About two-thirds of Americans (66%) have heard about social media bots, though far fewer (16%) have heard a lot about these accounts. Among those aware of the phenomenon, a large majority are concerned that bot accounts are being used maliciously, according to a new Pew Research Center survey.

Eight-in-ten of those who have heard of bots say that these accounts are mostly used for bad purposes, while just 17% say they are mostly used for good purposes. While many Americans are aware of the existence of social media bots, fewer are confident they can identify them. About half of those who have heard about bots (47%) are very or somewhat confident they can recognize these accounts on social media, with just 7% saying they are very confident. In contrast, 84% of Americans expressed confidence in their ability to recognize made-up news in an earlier study. When it comes to the news environment specifically, many find social media bots’ presence pervasive and concerning. About eight-in-ten of those who have heard of bots (81%) think that at least a fair amount of the news people get from social media comes from these accounts, including 17% who think a great deal comes from bots. And about two-thirds (66%) think that social media bots have a mostly negative effect on how well-informed Americans are about current events, while far fewer (11%) believe they have a mostly positive effect.

Why former CIA director John Brennan is nervous about Facebook and Google

Rob Pegoraro  |  Yahoo Finance

Days after revelations of sweeping security vulnerabilities at Facebook and Google, former CIA director John Brennan offered no confidence that we’ve discovered all of yesterday’s bad news about social-network security and can move on to preventing tomorrow’s. “I don’t think we’ve turned a corner yet, from the standpoint of remediation or prevention,” he said. Brennan, who led the Central Intelligence Agency from 2013 to 2017 after spending four years as President Barack Obama’s homeland-security adviser, lent only this faint endorsement: “I think we may have turned a corner from the standpoint of cognizance and awareness and humility.” As Brennan sees it, first these tech giants overlooked widespread exploitation of their networks by foreign actors before trying to brush off early reports of this interference. And their recent revelations of a series of privacy vulnerabilities have left him uneasy over what we haven’t heard about next.

Wireless

'The race to 5G has begun': Hearing led by Sen Thune (R-SD) touts possibilities of technology in Sioux Falls

Joe Sneve  |  Sioux Falls Argus Leader

Senate Commerce Committee Chairman John Thune (R-SD) brought his fight for fifth-generation (5G) internet speeds to Sioux Falls (SD) on Oct 12 during a field hearing of the committee.  "I've heard from stakeholders throughout the country ... it will transform our everyday lives," Chairman Thune said, referring to its potential in the use of driverless cars, precision agriculture and e-medicine. "The race to 5G has begun and the United States has the technology to win, but as I've said before, technology is only part of the equation." Flanked by corporate telecommunications executives to his right and public office holders to his left at the special meeting, Chairman Thune and the panel spent nearly two hours discussing government barriers — local, state and federal — that are keeping nearly all of the country from enjoying the fastest internet speeds in the world. Federal Communications Commissioner Brendan Carr said that federal telecommunication regulations were for decades focused on the large macro-cell towers that have been used to provide internet services with lower speeds. But with 5G cell towers being exponentially smaller and able to be fixed to the top of light poles or water towers, those regulations are outdated.

The 'Wet Blanket' of 5G Wireless

Cristiano Lima  |  Politico

During Senate Commerce’s field hearing in South Dakota on 5G wireless technology, Sioux Falls Mayor Paul TenHaken raised what he called “the wet blanket” of the coming wide-scale deployment: “I feel we also need to address ... what health impacts micro millimeter waves have because it’s so new,” TenHaken told Senate Commerce Chairman John Thune (R-SD). “I’m going to get asked this 20 times yet this evening about the health ramifications of 5G ... I’m hearing this more and more.” Although TenHaken considers such concern “inflated,” local governments will need “clear direction, talking points, studies” to support the wireless efforts with a “clear conscience,” the mayor argued. Chairman Thune acknowledged "we hear about it, too," and turned to Federal Communications Commission Commissioner Brendan Carr, another witness. The FCC and other federal agencies “reached the determination that these are safe,” Commissioner Carr affirmed. “That is a determination that is constantly undergoing review.” He also said that given this position, federal law prevents state and local governments from taking these radio frequency concerns into account. The exchange marked a departure from largely unified enthusiasm among witnesses and Chairman Thune for the game-changing benefits of 5G. Verizon’s Robert Fisher, in particular, argued Congress needs to advance Thune’s STREAMLINE Small Cell Deployment Act, S. 3157, to help spur faster deployment of 5G infrastructure.

Education

From Hotspots to School Bus Wi-Fi, Districts Seek Out Solutions to ‘Homework Gap’

Emily Tate  |  EdSurge

While most schools in the US boast broadband access these days, there is a homework gap—the problem created when students who use digital learning in class can’t get online at home to finish up their schoolwork. There isn’t going to be a silver bullet on this issue, said Susan Bearden, chief innovation officer at the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN), during a panel at the Schools, Health and Libraries Broadband Coalition conference. Travis Litman, the chief of staff and senior legal advisor for Federal Communications Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel, who coined the term “homework gap,” emphasized the growing urgency of addressing the digital divide. One of the ideas he put forward for closing the homework gap is fairly simple. It involves mapping out areas within a community—or even across an entire state—where Wi-Fi is available for free. Schools, nonprofits and local governments could then provide students with the maps showing where they can find free internet in their area. Mapping is already being done in WA, TX, and CA, among other places, Litman said. 

Michael Flood, vice president of strategy at Kajeet, a K-12 wireless provider and device management company, described two ideas that his company is trying in nearly every state. One is “SmartSpot,” a portable Wi-Fi hotspot for education. The other solution is equipping school buses with Wi-Fi—something Kajeet is now doing in more than 200 school districts. 

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MIT announces $1 billion artificial intelligence and computing initiative

Clive Cookson  |  Financial Times

Massachusetts Institute of Technology has announced a $1 billion commitment to computing and artificial intelligence that will see the size of its faculty in these fields near double, based on a $350m gift from Stephen Schwarzman, chief executive and co-founder of the global private equity group Blackstone. MIT said the initiative would be the largest investment in computing and AI ever made by an American university, and its biggest structural change since the 1950s when academics at MIT started pioneering research into AI. A “signature new building” on MIT’s Cambridge campus outside Boston (MA), to be completed by 2022, will house the Schwarzman College of Computing. Fifty faculty positions will be created, which will, in turn, lead to a larger influx of graduate researchers.


Ownership

The Growth of Sinclair's Conservative Media Empire

Sheelah Kolhatkar  |  New Yorker

Sinclair is the largest owner of television stations in the United States, with a hundred and ninety-two stations in eighty-nine markets. It reaches thirty-nine percent of American viewers. It’s unclear whether Sinclair is attempting to influence the politics of its viewers or simply appealing to positions that viewers may already have—or both.

There are regulations that prevent any single company from controlling too large a share of the press, in order to protect competition and the free exchange of ideas. Sinclair has achieved its formidable reach by exploiting loopholes in these regulations. None of this would have been possible without the willful blindness of the Federal Communications Commission. Andrew Schwartzman, a telecommunications lecturer at Georgetown Law School [and Benton Foundation Senior Fellow] who has been involved in litigation against Sinclair, said that Sinclair “pushed the envelope and the rules aggressively, time after time after time,” and that the company had “an unparalleled track record of getting away with stuff.” Although the collapse of the Tribune deal was a setback for Sinclair, CEO David D. Smith's ambitions to build a conservative media empire have not diminished.

Deposition: AT&T CEO raised idea of selling CNN to head off antitrust challenge

David McLaughlin  |  Bloomberg

AT&T chief executive officer Randall Stephenson floated the idea of selling CNN when he met with Justice Department antitrust chief Marakan Delrahim in Nov 2017 in an attempt to head off a government lawsuit challenging the company's proposed takeover of Time Warner, according to a deposition. The conversation revealed in the filing clashes with Stephenson's public statements at the time that he wasn't willing to sell the news network to resolve US concerns over the Time Warner deal. Stephenson recounted the exchange during a deposition before the government's lawsuit seeking to block the deal went to trial early in 2018. Stephenson has disputed that he ever offered to sell CNN to resolve the government's concerns about the proposed merger.

Journalism

The Expanding News Desert

Penelope Muse Abernathy  |  Research  |  University of North Carolina

For residents in thousands of communities across the country – inner-city neighborhoods, affluent suburbs and rural towns– local newspapers have been the prime, if not sole, source of credible and comprehensive news and information that can affect the quality of their everyday lives. Yet, in the past decade and a half, nearly one in five newspapers has disappeared, and countless others have become shells – or “ghosts” – of themselves. Our research found a net loss since 2004 of almost 1,800 local newspapers. We have also begun to identify papers where the editorial mission and staffing have been so significantly diminished that their newsrooms are either nonexistent or lack the resources to adequately cover their communities. Finally, we assess some of the recent efforts being made by other media – ranging from television stations to digital entrepreneurs – trying to fill the void that is left when a local newspaper dies and consider what still needs to be done.

Civic Engagement

Filtering Out the Bots: What Americans Actually Told the FCC About Net Neutrality Repeal

Ryan Singel  |  Research  |  Stanford Law School

In the leadup to the Federal Communications Commission's historic vote in Dec 2017 to repeal all network neutrality protections, 22 million comments were filed to the agency. The FCC did nothing to try to prevent comment stuffing and comment fraud, and even after the vote, made no attempt to help the public, journalists, policymakers actually understand what Americans actually told the FCC about the repeal of the 2015 Open Internet Order. This report aims to help make that clear. This report used the 800,000 comments identified as semantic standouts from form letter and fraud campaigns. These unique comments were overwhelmingly in support of keeping the 2015 Open Internet Order - in fact, 99.7% of comments opposed the repeal of net neutrality protections. This report then matched and sorted those comments to geographic areas, including the 50 states and every Congressional District. The creation of these reports also showed that:

  • Commenters know what net neutrality is and articulated clearly why they needed the protections
  • Rural Americans care about net neutrality, including being concerned about lacking choice of providers
  • Support for net neutrality is strong in both Democratic and Republican districts
  • The number of comments in midterm races considered to competitive are higher than average

Policymakers

Paul Allen, Microsoft co-founder

Rachel Lerman  |  Seattle Times

Paul Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft and a prominent leader of both business and philanthropy in the Seattle area, stamped his mark on the city’s economy and culture as well as its skyline as he pursued a wide range of passions from science to sports. Allen died at age 65 from complications of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, just two weeks after announcing he had restarted treatment for the cancer that he had previously fought off in 2009. Allen co-founded Redmond tech giant Microsoft with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975.  Microsoft’s creation – and the region’s eventual transformation into a world center for software development – began with Allen and his pal Gates sneaking into a University of Washington building to tinker with its large mainframe computer. Later it was Allen who brought Gates a magazine article about one of the first personal computers, excited about the opportunity for them to create software for the nascent platform. They co-founded Microsoft in 1975, launching one of the most profitable businesses ever. After leaving the company in 1983, he turned his focus to a wide range of other business and scientific pursuits, which ranged from founding the Allen Institute for Brain Science to the real estate arm of Vulcan, which went on to build much of Amazon’s campus.

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